This study aims to investigate; 1) the learning achievement of the students in the subject of Tarikh prior to the implementation of role-playing method; and 2) the students’ learning achievement after the implementation of role playing method; 3) furthermore, the study also seeks to investigate whether the role-playing method can increase the learning achievement of the students of SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta in the subject of Tarikh. This study is a quasi-experiment that is designed in line with the pre-test – post-test control group design. The subject are 62 students from the tenth grade (X) of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIA) SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, 31 of whom are of the Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2 (MIA 2) class which is the experimented class and 31 students are belong the Mathematics and Natural Sciences 1 (MIA 1) which is the control class. Data were gathered through observation, interview, documentation, and test. The result shows that role-playing method was able to increase the learning achievement in subject of Tarikh of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIA) tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta. The result was indicated by the t-test data analysis where the significant Sig.(2-tailed) is 0,000 < 0,05, therefore the Ho and Ha is accepted