ANALISIS MODEL GRAVITASI TERHADAP MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015
Abstract
International Labors Migration in Indonesia is an interesting phenomenon to be studied. Based on the report of Indonesian Bank, the average number of Indonesian labors who perform international migration from 2011 to 2015 reached 3.9 million people. In this study, the author used the gravity model as a tool to see the correlation between the distance and the economic size of both countries with international labors migration in Indonesia. The author used several variables, such as distance of origin country to the host countries, GDP per capita of host countries, GDP per capita of origin country, population of host countries, and majority religion similarity between origin country and host countries to see the effects on international labors migration in Indonesia.
The data used in this study covers 26 host countries of indonesian workers from 2011 to 2015. Panel data of random effect model is selected as an analysis tool. Then the author used mundlak approach to resolve the problem of time-invariant. GDP per capita of host countries, GDP per capita of origin country, distance, population of host countries, and majority religion similarity between origin and host countries have an significantly effects on international labors migration in Indonesia. As implied by this study, distance has negative effect on the international labors migration in Indonesia, GDP per capita of origin country has negative effect, whereas the GDP per capita of host countries has a positive effect. Therefore, it can be inferred that the gravity model is relevant in the context of international labors migration in Indonesia.